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Fascioliasis is an infectious disease caused by Fasciola parasites, which are flatworms referred to as liver flukes. The adult (mature) flukes are found in the bile ducts and liver of infected people and animals, such as sheep and cattle. In general, fascioliasis is more common in livestock and other animals than in people.

Schistosomiasis also termed snail fever or bilharzia is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. Infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum causes illness in humans; less commonly, S. mekongi and S. intercalatum can cause disease.

Pathogenicity is the capacity of a microorganism to cause disease in a host. Virulence refers to the intensity or degree of pathogenicity. The virulence varies among different microorganisms and also among strains of same species. Virulence factors are the structures, substances or properties which help a pathogen to cause infection. These factors help the microorganism ... Read more

Human reproduction is a biological process by which a new human individual is formed. This takes place with the involvement of both male and female reproductive systems. These systems perform different functions, which are required for the production of reproductive cells, their fusion and development of the young one. The male reproductive system is involved ... Read more

Reverse CAMP test is used in microbiology for identification of Clostridium perfringens, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, and reverse CAMP positive bacteria. Learn its principle, positive result, diagram, and CAMP test vs reverse CAMP test.

Osmoregulation maintains water and solute balance in organisms. Learn its mechanism, types, importance, hormonal control, and examples in humans and fish.

Lamina propria is a loose connective tissue layer beneath the mucosal epithelium. Learn its location, structure, cells, functions, histology and clinical significance.

What is Orientation in Animal Behaviour? Orientation in animal behaviour is the process by which an animal finds and maintains a particular direction or position in its environment. This orientation response may be innate or learned. It helps the animal to move properly in relation to environmental stimuli such as light, gravity, chemicals, water current ... Read more

What is Muscle? Muscle is a specialized contractile tissue of the body. It is made up of muscle cells or muscle fibres. These cells have the ability to contract, shorten and produce pulling force. Due to this, movement of body and internal organs takes place. Muscle cells are excitable in nature. They respond to electrical ... Read more

Submandibular gland is the second largest paired salivary gland of human body. It is about walnut size and its weight is about 7 to 15 gram. It is present in the submandibular triangle of neck, just below the lower border of mandible.